Hackipedia.org hand-edited version. This document is UTF-8 unicode. Please make sure your text viewer supports it. 2010/09/29 - Initial edit --------------------------------------------------------------- ATSC Standard: Ghost Canceling Reference Signal for NTSC Document A/49, 13 May 1993 Reaffirmed by ATSC, 29 November 2007 Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc. 1750 K Street, N.W., Suite 1200 Washington, D.C. 20006 Advanced Television Systems Committee - Document A/49 The Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc., is an international, non- profit organization developing voluntary standards for digital television. The ATSC member organizations represent the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite, and semiconductor industries. Specifically, ATSC is working to coordinate television standards among different communications media focusing on digital television, interactive systems, and broadband multimedia communications. ATSC is also developing digital television implementation strategies and presenting educational seminars on the ATSC standards. ATSC was formed in 1982 by the member organizations of the Joint Committee on InterSociety Coordination (JCIC): the Electronic Industries Association (EIA), the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), the National Cable Television Association (NCTA), and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). Currently, there are approximately 140 members representing the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite, and semiconductor industries. ATSC Digital TV Standards include digital high definition television (HDTV), standard definition television (SDTV), data broadcasting, multichannel surround-sound audio, and satellite direct-to-home broadcasting. Contact information is given below. Mailing address Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc. 1750 K Street, N.W., Suite 1200 Washington, D.C. 20006 Telephone 202-872-9160 (voice) 202-872-9161 (fax) Web site http://www.atsc.org E-mail standards@atsc.org The revision history of this document is given below. A/49 Revision History --------------------- A/49 approved 13 May 1993 Reaffirmed by ATSC membership (reformatted to current style; no content changes made) 29 November 2007 Table of Contents ----------------- 1. SCOPE 2. SPECIFICATION OF THE GCR SIGNAL ANNEX A: GCR SIGNAL VALUES A1. INTRODUCTION Index of Figures ---------------- Figure 2.1 Spectrum of the GCR Signal Figure 2.2 GCR Signal Amplitude as a Function of Time Figure 2.3 GCR Signal on Line A Figure 2.4 GCR Signal on Line B 1. SCOPE -------- This document describes a ghost canceling reference (GCR) signal for NTSC television signals [1]. 2. SPECIFICATION OF THE GCR SIGNAL ---------------------------------- The GCR signal permits detection of ghosts from –3 μsec to +45 μsec. The signal has a flat spectrum and high energy up to 4.1 MHz and has a very low level of energy beyond 4.3 MHz (Figure 2.1). The normalized GCR signal as a function of time is shown in Figure 2.2. The GCR signal shall be placed on line 192 of the vertical blanking interval on a 30 IRE pedestal. The pedestal has a rising transition from 0 IRE to 30 IRE 9.5 μsec after the leading edge of horizontal sync (defined at the 50 percent point). The falling transition from 30 IRE to 0 IRE is 58.5 μsec after the leading edge of horizontal sync. Both transitions have a 4T transition curve. The GCR signal has a time duration of 35.5 μsec (measured at 1 percent of the maximum value) and begins 12.0 μsec after the leading edge of horizontal sync. The first peak (positive or negative) is 16.7 μsec after the leading edge of horizontal sync. The GCR signal varies from –10 to +70 IRE (the pedestal is the average of these extreme values). Waveforms of the GCR signal on the pedestal are shown in Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4 and represent line A and line B, respectively. Line A and line B have the same 30 IRE pedestal but the GCR polarity is inverted from line A to line B. The line A and line B signals are contained in an 8-field sequence as follows: field 1 - line A; field 2 - line B; field 3 - line A; field 4 - line B; field 5 - line B; field 6 - line A; field 7 - line B; field 8 - line A. Numerical values of the GCR signal as a function of time are given in Annex A. These values were calculated from equation (1) ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Hackipedia notice: The formula has been divided up to make it fit within the │ │ limitations of the ASCII 80-char format. Refer to PDF or other graphical copy│ │ for original formula │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ A ƒ(t) = -- B(t) 2π B(t) = C(t) + D(t) Ω C(t) = ∫[cos(bω²) + j sin(bω²)] W(ω) e^(jωt) dw 0 0 D(t) = ∫[cos(bω²) - j sin(bω²)] W(ω) e^(jωt) dw -Ω 4.3 where A = 9.0, b = 110.0, and Ω = ------ π radians/second. 7.16 W(ω) is the window function (2). 1. Note: The user’s attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standard may require the use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the validity of this claim or of any patent rights in connection therewith. The patent holder has, however, filed a statement of willingness to grant a license under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license. Details may be obtained from the publisher. 2. Subject to reservation of line 19 by the FCC exclusively for the optional placement of the GCR signal. ┌ ┐ π│ ┌ ┐│ -│┌ ┐│ ││ c││1 1 ││1 Ω1 ││ W(ω) = ∫││-+-cos(ct)││-- ∫ e^(jγt) dy││e^(-jωt) dt -π││2 2 ││2π -Ω1 ││ -│└ ┘│ ││ c│ └ ┘│ └ ┘ π 4.15 where c = ---- radians/second and Ω1 = ---- π radians/second. 49.0 7.16 Normalized Energy Content (Y-axis) Frequency (X-axis) 1.2│ 1.0│---------------------------- 0.8│ \ 0.6│ | 0.4│ | 0.2│ \ 0.0│ | └───────────────────────────────────────────────── 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Figure 2.1 Spectrum of the GCR signal. Normalized Signal Amplitude (Y-axis) Samples at 14.32 MHz (X-axis) ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Hackipedia notice: The graph is too detailed to represent in ASCII art. Refer│ │ to source PDF or graphical copy for this figure. A description is provided │ │ below if graphical copy is inaccessible: │ │ │ │ The vertical axis ranges from -1.0 to 1.0 (normalized signal amplitude). │ │ The horizontal axis ranges from 0 to 1000 (digital sample counts). │ │ The signal itself ranges from -0.5 to 0.5 as a waveform that is flat from 0 │ │ to 150, and from sample 150 to 600 the waveform oscillates in a frequency │ │ sweep from 0Hz to 4.1MHz, before fading out at 4.3MHz by sample 700. │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Figure 2.2 GCR signal amplitude as a function of time. ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Hackipedia notice: The graph is too detailed to represent in ASCII art. Refer│ │ to source PDF or graphical copy for this figure. A description is provided │ │ below if graphical copy is inaccessible: │ │ │ │ Vertical axis is IRE amplitude from -50 to 100. Graph shows horizontal sync │ │ pulse at samples 0 to 70, NTSC colorburst at 70-115 centered at IRE 0, then │ │ IRE 0 from 115-150. From sample 150 to 850 the same values as from 2.2 are │ │ shown, centered around IRE 25 and ranging from IRE -5 to 60. Samples 850-905 │ │ are IRE 0, and 905-100 are IRE -45 (horizontal sync) │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Figure 2.3 GCR signal on Line A ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Hackipedia notice: The graph is too detailed to represent in ASCII art. Refer│ │ to source PDF or graphical copy for this figure. A description is provided │ │ below if graphical copy is inaccessible: │ │ │ │ Same as Figure 2.3, with GCR signal inverted. │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Figure 2.4 GCR signal on Line B A/49 Annex A: GCR Signal Values ----------------- A1. INTRODUCTION This Annex contains the GCR signal values. The 910 data values were sampled at 14.3 MHz (4 times color subcarrier) and represent a complete GCR waveform in a full TV line (63.5 μs). The first sample is coincident with the 50 percent point of the leading edge of horizontal sync. The data are normalized to 1.0 unit peak to peak and represent the GCR signal with positive polarity. A negative polarity GCR signal can be obtained by multiplying all the data by –1. 000 0.00000000000000E+0000 001 0.00000000000000E+0000 002 0.00000000000000E+0000 003 0.00000000000000E+0000 004 0.00000000000000E+0000 005 0.00000000000000E+0000 006 0.00000000000000E+0000 007 0.00000000000000E+0000 008 0.00000000000000E+0000 009 0.00000000000000E+0000 010 0.00000000000000E+0000 011 0.00000000000000E+0000 012 0.00000000000000E+0000 013 0.00000000000000E+0000 014 0.00000000000000E+0000 015 0.00000000000000E+0000 016 0.00000000000000E+0000 017 0.00000000000000E+0000 018 0.00000000000000E+0000 019 0.00000000000000E+0000 020 0.00000000000000E+0000 021 0.00000000000000E+0000 022 0.00000000000000E+0000 023 0.00000000000000E+0000 024 0.00000000000000E+0000 025 0.00000000000000E+0000 026 0.00000000000000E+0000 027 0.00000000000000E+0000 028 0.00000000000000E+0000 029 0.00000000000000E+0000 030 0.00000000000000E+0000 031 0.00000000000000E+0000 032 0.00000000000000E+0000 033 0.00000000000000E+0000 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